US and Great Britain Relationship After World War II

U.S. President Barack Obama and British Prime Minister David Cameron ceremonially reaffirmed the American-British special relationship at meetings in Washington in March 2012. World War II did much to strengthen that relationship, as did the 45-year Cold War against the Soviet Union and other Communist countries. Post-World War II American and British policies during the war presupposed Anglo-American dominance of post-war policies. Great Britain also understood that the war made the United States the preeminent partner in the alliance. The two nations were charter members of the United Nations, a second attempt at what Woodrow Wilson had envisioned as a globalized organization to prevent further wars. The first effort, the League of Nations, had obviously failed. The U.S. and Great Britain were central to the overall Cold War policy of containment of communism. President Harry Truman announced his Truman Doctrine in response to Britains call for help in the Greek civil war, and Winston Churchill (in between terms as prime minister) coined the phrase Iron Curtain in a speech about Communist domination of eastern Europe that he gave at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. They were also central to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), to combat Communist aggression in Europe. At the close of World War II, Soviet troops had taken most of eastern Europe. Soviet leader Josef Stalin refused to relinquish those countries, intending to either physically occupy them or make them satellite states. Fearful that they might have to ally for a third war in continental Europe, the U.S. and Great Britain envisioned NATO as the joint military organization with which they would fight a potential World War III. In 1958, the two countries signed the U.S.-Great Britain Mutual Defense Act, which allowed the United States to transfer nuclear secrets and materiel to Great Britain. It also allowed Britain to conduct underground atomic tests in the United States, which began in 1962. The overall agreement allowed Great Britain to participate in the nuclear arms race; the Soviet Union, thanks to espionage and U.S. information leaks, gained nuclear weapons in 1949. The U.S. has periodically also agreed to sell missiles to Great Britain. British soldiers joined Americans in the Korean War, 1950-53, as part of a United Nations mandate to prevent Communist aggression in South Korea, and Great Britain supported the U.S. war in Vietnam in the 1960s. The one event that strained Anglo-American relations was the Suez Crisis in 1956. Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher U.S. President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher epitomized the special relationship. Both admired the others political savvy and public appeal. Thatcher backed Reagans re-escalation of the Cold War against the Soviet Union. Reagan made the collapse of the Soviet Union one of his main objectives, and he sought to achieve it by reinvigorating American patriotism (at an all-time low after Vietnam), increasing American military spending, attacking peripheral communist countries (such as Grenada in 1983), and engaging Soviet leaders in diplomacy. The Reagan-Thatcher alliance was so strong that, when Great Britain sent warships to attack Argentinian forces in the Falkland Islands War, 1982, Reagan offered no American opposition. Technically, the U.S. should have opposed the British venture both under the Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and the charter of the Organization of American States (OAS). Persian Gulf War After Saddam Husseins Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait in August 1990, Great Britain quickly joined the United States in building a coalition of western and Arab states to force Iraq to abandon Kuwait. British Prime Minister John Major, who had just succeeded Thatcher, worked closely with U.S. President George H.W. Bush to cement the coalition. When Hussein ignored a deadline to pull out of Kuwait, the Allies launched a six-week air war to soften up Iraqi positions before hitting them with a 100-hour ground war. Later in the 1990s, U.S. President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Tony Blair led their governments as US and British troops participated with other NATO nations in the 1999 intervention in the Kosovo war. War on Terror Great Britain also quickly joined the United States in the War on Terror after the 9/11 Al-Qaeda attacks on American targets. British troops joined Americans in the invasion of Afghanistan in November 2001 as well as the invasion of Iraq in 2003. British troops handled the occupation of southern Iraq with a base in the port city of Basra. Blair, who faced increasing charges that he was simply a puppet of U.S. President George W. Bush, announced a draw-down of the British presence around Basra in 2007. In 2009, Blairs successor Gordon Brown announced an end to British involvement in the Iraq War.

Juvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay - 989 Words

Adult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justice systems is that children cannot be held to the same punishment levels as an adult. Even though a child has committed the same crime an adult may commit, not every child has a mental understanding to make mature adult like decisions. The juvenile†¦show more content†¦Therefore, a judge will hear the case and determine if the child is considered to be a delinquent. This process is called an adjudication hearing. (legalmatch,2014) In the adult justice system the guilty person would face a trial by a jury. The jury would be given the evidence of the crime, decide if the person is guilty or not, then judge would make the final running. As well at the end of an adult trial a punishment would be handed out such as imprisonment sentence. Where in a juvenile case the judge would decide what form of rehabilitation the child would benefit most from and what would best likely help. In both justice systems the defendants can choose to enter into a plea barraging. This is when the defendant will enter a plea of guilty to receive to lesser punishment. In the juvenile justice system the actual use of guilty or non-guilty plea is low in number. If the juvenile admits to the crime the judge will decide sentence. However, when the juvenile does not admit to the crime the case is then sent to trial. In the adult justice system a plea barraging works better due to the seriousness of the crimes handled. The defendant can receive a lesser charge for the said crime. This in turn will result in a lesser punishment, which is normally in the form of jail time. When a plea barraging is not entered and the adult does not take fault for the crime, the case is as wellShow MoreRelatedEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next majorRead MoreShould The Texas Criminal Justice System Be Legal?1375 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen known to have a strict criminal justice system. The justice system in Texas used to hang criminals for serious crimes they were convicted of doing. Texas has never been faced with the question we face them with today. Should the Texas criminal justice system be able to charge juveniles as adults in trials when faced with serious charges? Prosecutors are using both sides of this argument to their advantage. In Texas, the Juvenile Law states that, â€Å"a juvenile is defined as a person who is not oldRead MoreJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prison vs. Juvenile Incarceration1703 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration Maureen Fries-Labra English 122 Anna Hopson December 14, 2009 Juvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration The criminal justice system has a branch for juvenile offenders. Established in the early twentieth century; it is the responsibility of this division to decide the fates of youthful offenders. This is administered by family court with support of social workers and family. With the increased numberRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741576 Words   |  7 Pagesexploring the internet on juvenile delinquents. We as a class have had many good questions to answer about the different ways juveniles are treated, and what the correct or incorrect treatment is for juveniles. We have written many papers and had many discussion on historical milestones, landmark cases, adult courts, juvenile courts, probation and parole, detention centers and juvenile training programs. This semester has really changed the way that I look at juvenile delinquents. Three historicalRead MoreJuveniles and The Death Penalty Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles and The Death Penalty *No Works Cited One of the most controversial issues in the rights of juveniles today is addressed in the question, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles? For nearly a century the juvenile courts have existed to shield the majority of juvenile offenders from the full weight of criminal law and to protect their entitled special rights and immunities. In the case of kent vs. United states in 1996, Justice Fortas stated some of these special rightsRead MoreJuvenile Violent Crime And Juvenile Crime Rates1720 Words   |  7 Pagespunishments as adults, depending on the crime they committed. Punishments even included death if the juvenile was deemed to be past the point of help. Later on courts were geared more towards rehabilitation than punishment. Reform movements came along and parents could send their children off to reformatories to live and work as part of their rehabilitation. Due to poor living and working conditions many of these places were closed down. Soon after the Progressive Era, the first juvenile court system was openedRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between the Juvenile Justice and Adult Criminal System835 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JUVENILE V. CRIMINAL 1 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System Ronda Cauchon CJ150-01 Professor Abreu Kaplan University October 9, 2012 JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 2 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System In the earliest of times, juvenile offenders were treated theRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 Pagesto Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a good mix, accordingRead MoreJuvenile Rights1125 Words   |  5 PagesJUVENILE RIGHTS 1 Juvenile Rights Kimberly Burrows CRJ 301 Farrell Binder April 11, 2011 JUVENILE RIGHTS 2 Juveniles have different rights at the time of arrest then adults have. There are also additional protections for juveniles that adults don’t have. In this paper I will compare and contrast the additional protections afforded to juveniles as compared to adult offenders, I will discuss a juveniles rights at the time of arrest, and my opinion on whether or not

Introduction to Marketing Woolworths Coca Cola †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Marketing Woolworths Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is a significant Australian organization with expansive retail intrigue all through Australia and New Zealand. It is the second largest organization in Australia in terms of revenue, and overall second largest in New Zealand. In addition, Woolworths Limited is the greatest takeaway liquor retailer in Australia, the largest inn and gaming poker machine head in Australia, and was the world's nineteenth largest retailer in 2008. Woolworths opened its initial store, the Woolworths Stupendous Bargain Basement, in the old Imperial Arcade Pitt Street, Sydney, on 5 December 1924. The new Woolworths store was an innovation; it was the world's first retail store to utilize money registers that print receipts for customers. The first food store of Woolworths in New Zealand was opened in Auckland in 1956, and supermarket in 1971. Why Coca Cola? The brand chosen here is Coca Cola. The decision to choose Coca Cola is because at present, it is focusing on the needs of the consumers. They are listening carefully to the customers and every strategy is made by placing customers at centre of the business. Their thinking is that by focusing on customers, business will flourish and grow. Coca Cola believes that customers generally buy a product when they see value in it. The value is seen with price and quality and quality is the non-price characteristic that lets a customer to make purchasing decision. The quality is visible by their one brand global strategy of marketing. The company is working with several health organizations including WHO (World Health Organization) to support their recommendations such as the daily intake of added sugar by an individual should not exceed 10 percent of their daily calorie intake. Considering Coca Cola in Woolworths, it helps in generating revenue for Woolworths, also Woolworths mixes it up with different foods and provide various options, thereby attracting more people, and increase the sales of Coca Cola. Segmentation Market segmentation is a marketing principle which splits the complete market set up directly into smaller subsets comprising of customers with a related taste, requirement and inclination. It is not possible for an organization to fulfil the needs and wants of every single person. This is the reason to use market segmentation to separate the clients into gatherings of individuals with common attributes and necessities. Coca Cola considers different factors while segmenting their target market for supermarket Woolworths. The factors are: Demographic: The people of age-group 13-24 are the focus point of Coca Cola. They do not segment on the basis of gender because both the genders like it. Socio Economic: The financial condition of the country is perfect for the advancement of supermarkets like Woolworths. Coca Cola sold at Woolworths is for every class of society. Psychographic: The way for living of the Australians is high. The extra cash of the masses is high, but Coca Cola utilizes no particular lifestyle or income group because most of the consumers are students, family oriented and mobile generation i.e. youths. They use it because they enjoy drinking Cola. Behaviouristic: The good thing with the consumers of Coca Cola is that they are loyal to it. The target market is health conscious and Coca Cola is already into it. This ultimately benefits Woolworths. Targeting A target market is basically a group of people selected by a company to fulfil their need of a product or service. To identify the target market is a necessary step in development of a marketing plan. The choice to select the target market will depend upon several factors such as the performance of competitors in the selected segment, size of the segment, and do the company has strengths to appeal particularly one group of customers. The target market of Coca Cola is broad because of its popularity. The brand has innovated and launched variants according to the needs of customers. 13-24-year-old people are the main target and it has avoided advertising for children below 12 years of age. This is a responsible marketing strategy. The company is also disclosing nutritional value of its variants that helps the parents to decide to buy correct one for their children. It is targeting health-conscious customers. The advertisements depict the young, affluent people as the target. Positioning The requirement of the consumers or concept about the product should be understood and the reflection should be seen in positioning. First thing to consider is the reason for customers purchasing the product than those of the competitors. This helps in determining the best way to position the offering. Second thing is to create a value proposition that clearly explains how the offering will meet the requirements better than any of the competitors products. Coca Colas positioning in Woolworths brings success to both of them. When Coca Cola is sold at Woolworths it is the result of an effective planogram. One old phrase eye level is buy level is what works here. The higher priced variants of Coca Cola are placed at eye level and other low-price items that are easily sold are placed below or above the eye level. Coca Cola has understood the principle: think global, act local very well. It mixes with other products offered at Woolworths to offer a great combination. It has become a part of daily life and has resulted in consumers high level of loyalty. This automatically works in increasing the sales for organization. With various advertisement involving Woolworths, it positions itself in the minds of consumers. Conclusion A basic key investigation of Coca Cola in Woolworths has been done with a view to assess the vital procedures that have been attempted by the company and the execution of entire examination has demonstrated that Coca Cola in Woolworths is centered especially towards achieving larger amount of development in its operation. Two things that Coca Cola needs to worry about are the aging of loyalty group 13-24 and stopping advertising for children below 12 years of age as bot the factors can impact sales.

The Ransom Of Red Chief Essays - ABC Weekend Special,

The Ransom of Red Chief by Laura Galindez ?It looked like a good thing, but wait until I tell you.? This is how the ironic story of The Ransom of Red Chief begins. It is the story of two moronic kidnappers and one holy terror of a child. This story will make baby-sitters everywhere cringe and potential kidnappers think twice. Our story, narrated by Sam, one of the kidnappers, begins when Bill and Sam deiced that a good get-rich-quick scheme would be to kidnap and hold a kid for ransom. Doesn't sound too far-fetched, but what a child for these two poor guys to choose. Finally settling on Ebenzer Dorset, the most prominent of a small town community, they catch his son, Johnny Dorset. They whisk Johnny away to cave bordering the town outskirts, and wait. Their first experience with Red Chief are not so bad. They kid plays Indians and decrees Sam and Bill to be executed at dawn. He's basically a rambunctious little boy with a flapping jaw, who settles down after supper and goes to bed. But in the morning, Sam awakes to blood-curdling screams! Who but Red Chief is sitting and preparing to scalp Bill! From that moment on, Bill does not trust this little demon. Later on, Johnny only cause more trouble for Bill. He puts a boiled potato down Bill's back and smashes it. Then he almost smashes him with a rock. After that, Red Chief sling shots rocks at Bill, until one hits him in the head, and he falls right into the camp fire. Sam decides now would be a good time to send a ransom note... ?Ebenezer Dorset, Esq.: We have your son concealed in a place far from Summit. It is useless for you or the most skillful detectives to attempt to find him. Absolutely, the only terms on which you can have him restored are these: We demand Fifteen hundred in large bills for his return: the money to be left midnight at the same spot....? The ransom note runs on, and Sam leaves Red Chief and Bill alone, while he delivers the ransom note... Oh poor, poor Bill! If this experience does not turn him from a life of crime, what will? Johnny decides to play Black Scout and forces Bill, the ?hoss? to ride ninety miles to the ?fort?, then, upon arriving there, eat sand to pretend for play oats. Then he spend hours answering the boy's mindless questions, Finally, out of desperation, Bill sends the kid home, giving him a fantastic kick in the pants to help him on his way. While telling Sam all this, Johnny comes back to the cave. Yikes! Afterwards, when Sam goes to collect the boy's ransom, he finds a rather disturbing letter.... ?Dear Desperate Men? Gentlemen. I received you letter today by post, in regard to the ransom you ask for the return of my son. I think you are a little high in your demands, and I hearby make you a counter-proposition, which I am inclined to believe you will accept. You bring Johnny home and pay me two-hundred and fifty dollars cash, and I will agree to take him off your hands. You better come at night, for the neighbors believe him lost, and I couldn't be responsible for what they would do to anyone they saw bringing him back. Very respectfully, Ebenezer Dorset Well what do you think of that? Sure enough however, that night the kid was delivered home. And getting only a ten minute head start, Bill and Sam ran faster Than they ever would ever again. About the Author O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter, a popular American short-story writer famous for his surprise endings. With little formal education, Porter left North Carolina for Texas, where he worked as a ranch hand, bookkeeper, bank teller, and, eventually, as the editor of a weekly, The Rolling Stone. Indicted in 1894 for embezzling funds from a bank in Austin and arrested in 1896, Porter protested his innocence but fled to Honduras, and later to South America. He returned to Austin in 1897, stood trial, and was convicted in 1898, after which he served more than three years in the federal penitentiary in Columbus,